ABSTRACT
Objective:To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on Zika virus infection among pregnant women in Brunei Darussalam by a cross-sectional survey.Methods:Between February and June 2017, we recruited 234 pregnant women from all government healthcare centres at Brunei-Muara district, using a modified systematic sampling approach. A pre-tested and self-administered questionnaire was used and data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses.Results:The study participants were mainly Malay (87.2%) and their mean age was 28.0 years. The median knowledge score was 13, out of a possible score of 28. Most participants (92.7%) knew that Zika virus was transmitted by mosquito bites whereas some (34.6%) knew that sexual transmission was also possible. Media (radio, television or newspapers) was the preferred source of updated information on Zika virus, followed by healthcare workers (44.0%), government announcements (43.2%), and social media (38.0%). Pregnant women who were 25 years old or older [Adj. OR=3.62 (95% CI: 1.57, 9.51)], not Malays [Adj. OR=3.32 (95% CI: 1.35, 8.55)], and had an average monthly household income of more than BND $3 000 [Adj. OR=4.06 (95% CI: 1.81, 19.44)] were more likely to score higher for knowledge on Zika virus. The median prevention practice score was 23, out of a possible score of 36. Most participants reported wearing covering clothes (98.3%) and kept their living surroundings clean (99.6%). Most participants (88.0%) agreed that Zika is an important issue in their community.Conclusion:We found a lack of knowledge on Zika virus infection among pregnant women attending government maternal and child healthcare centres in Brunei Darussalam, in particular that Zika virus can be sexually transmitted. Such information could be well disseminated at the healthcare centre level. Health literacy studies should be conducted to understand the facilitators and barriers of KAP on Zika virus infection among pregnant women.
ABSTRACT
Recent studies have revealed that the prevalence of Wolbachia in arthropods is attributable not only to its vertical transmission, but also to its horizontal transfer. In order to assess the horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between predator and prey, arthropods belonging to 11 spider families and six insect families were collected in the same field of rice. The distribution of Wolbachia in these arthropods was detected by diagnostic PCR amplification of the wsp (Wolbachia outer surface protein gene) and 16S rDNA genes. Nurscia albofasciata Strand (Araneae: Titanoecidae), Propylea japonica Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Paederus fuscipes Curtis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Homoptera: Delphacidae) were infected with Wolbachia. This is the first report of infection of N. albofasciata and P. fuscipes by Wolbachia. No direct evidence indicated the existence of horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between predator and prey.
Subject(s)
Animals , Spiders/microbiology , Wolbachia/isolation & purification , Bacterial Infections/transmission , Bacterial Infections/veterinaryABSTRACT
Segundo a Política Nacional de Saúde do Idoso, um cuidador é "A pessoa, membro ou não da família, que, com ou sem remuneração, cuida do idoso doente ou dependente no exercício de suas atividades diárias, tais como alimentação, higiene pessoal, medicação de rotina, acompanhamento ao serviço de saúde e demais serviços requeridos no cotidiano - como a ida a bancos ou farmácias-, excluídas as técnicas ou procedimentos identificados com profissões legalmetne estabelecidas, particularmente na área de enfermagem". A família costuma ser a principal origem do cuidador e as mulheres adultas e idosas preponderam nestes cuidados. O adoecimento gera crises e momentos de desestruturação para o paciente e seus familiares. Muitas mudanças ocorrem na vida do doente, levando-o a se deparar com limitações, frustações e perdas. Essas mudanças serão definidas pelo tipo de doença, maneira que a doença se manifesta e como segue os seu curso, além do significado que o paciente e família abribuem ao evento. A família necessita se reorganizar e também se adaptar, pois o paciente pode precisar de cuidados. Os papéis e funções devem ser repensados e distribuídos de forma que auxilie o paciente na elaboração de sentimentos confusos e dolorosos ocasionados pelo processo de adoecer. Field e McGaughey apontam alguns problemas dos cuidadores tais como: pobre comunicação médica, tempo de consulta médica imprevisível, cuidado de enfermagem insuficiente e falta de conhecimento do cuidador sobre os cuidados do...